Bartoš et al. 2025 (exercise)
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Bartoš et al. 2025 (exercise)
Reference: Bartoš et al. (2025), which builds on another analysis, Singh et al. (2025).
Research question: What is the effect of physical exercise on cognition, memory, and executive function; with extra focus on selective reporting and heterogeneity.
Data availability: Replication data are publicly available via PsyArXiv https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/qr8e2_v1 under Creative Commons By Attribution 4.0 license.
Data description and source: Bartoš et al. (2025) extended the systematic review and meta-meta-analysis by Singh et al. (2025). Singh et al. compiled a set of peer-reviewed systematic reviews with meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials that evaluated exercise effects on general cognition, memory, or executive function. Bartoš et al. extracted study-level effect sizes and standard errors, or information needed to compute them, from study tables, forest plots, and online supplementary materials. Their analysis included 2,239 effect-size estimates from 215 meta-analyses.
Data processing: z-values were computed as effect size divided by its reported standard error. No filtering or recoding beyond variable renaming was required.
Additional variables used: None.
Model of z-values
The fitted mixture model is shown over the empirical distribution of absolute z-values. The solid line is a mixture of half-normals, with selection. The dashed line shows the distribution without selection. If there are inequalities (e.g. studies reporting p < 0.05) the histogram resamples values from the appropriate set.
